Ringworm in Dogs
Ringworm in dogs might sound like it’s caused by a worm, but it’s actually a skin infection caused by a fungus. This condition can cause patches of hair loss, scaly skin, and itchy sores on your furry friend. Though it isn’t life-threatening, it is highly contagious and can spread to humans and other pets.
Understanding ringworm and how it affects your dog is crucial for its health and well-being. Effective treatment often involves topical or oral medication or a combination of both. Early detection and isolation of affected pets can prevent the spread of the infection.
What is Canine Ringworm?
Ringworm in dogs is not a worm but a fungal infection that affects the skin, hair, or nails. This itchy condition is medically known as dermatophytosis. The infection is caused by fungi, mainly from the Microsporum and Trichophyton species. They thrive on dead hair and skin cells.
Ringworm appears as circular and itchy rashes on your dog’s skin. These are highly contagious and spread between animals and even humans. The occurrence of ringworms are more prevalent in cats, dogs are also infected.
Ringworm may look similar to a worm-related illness due to its name, but it is solely a fungal issue. It’s important to take precautions to prevent it from spreading to other animals or humans in the household.
Signs of Ringworm in Canines
Dogs with ringworm often show symptoms on the face, ears, tail, and feet. Some of these signs include circular patches where hair is missing, often showing red, crusty edges. The coat may appear weak with broken hair.
Skin might be dry, scaly, or have excess dandruff. There can also be inflamed skin, and some areas might look darkened. Dogs may itch, scratch, or groom more than usual. Nail beds might get inflamed, and nails can be dark, dry, or misshapen.
Skin Lesions
Skin lesions are common signs of ringworm in dogs. These lesions usually appear circular and are red or scaly. They often start small but can become more noticeable if not treated. Lesions may appear on different parts of the body, but the face, ears, and paws are common places.
Owners may notice the dog’s skin looks irritated or inflamed. Sometimes, these lesions are itchy, causing the dog to scratch or bite at them. This behaviour can lead to further skin damage. Recognizing skin lesions early helps in managing ringworm effectively.
Hair Loss
Ringworm often causes hair loss in affected dogs. This may show up as small, hairless patches. These patches can have a noticeable change in the appearance of the dog’s coat. The hairless areas might feel rough or bumpy to the touch.
Hair loss due to ringworm often occurs around the lesions, particularly near the face, tail, or feet. Owners might notice more shedding than usual, or hair thinning. Early detection of unusual hair loss is crucial for preventing the spread of ringworm.
Behavioural Changes
Dogs with ringworm might display subtle behavioural changes. They may seem more restless or uncomfortable due to the itchiness and irritation from lesions. Affected dogs might scratch or lick at affected areas frequently, seeking relief from itching.
These actions can be signs of distress or discomfort, indicating the presence of ringworm. Occasionally, a dog with ringworm might withdraw or seem less playful than usual. Understanding these changes can help in identifying ringworm and prevent further complications.
Reasons Dogs Get Ringworm
Dogs often pick up ringworm from other infected animals, including both dogs and cats, or from humans. Even if a dog shows no visible symptoms, the fungus can still be on its body and spread to other animals or people.
Contaminated objects or environment
Contaminated objects like brushes, beds, and toys can also harbor the ringworm fungus. Permanently contaminated materials, like rugs, wool, and wooden surfaces, are another common source. The fungi can survive in these items for long periods. In particular, the spores can live for about 18 months in the environment, staying active in many places.
Certain types of fungi also exist in soil. Dogs might contract ringworm while digging or playing in the dirt, especially in warm, humid areas. Dogs that have weaker immune systems are more likely to be affected. Puppies, senior dogs, and those with immune-compromising conditions are at higher risk. Dogs recently coming from kennels or shelters often face exposure, increasing their vulnerability.
Breed predilection
Some dog breeds might have a higher risk due to genetics. For instance, Boston Terriers, Yorkshire Terriers, and Russell Terriers may be more susceptible. There are several other factors that can lead to infection. Any dog with skin conditions or surface-level injuries like scratches or flea bites will also be more open to ringworm spores.
When these spores come into contact with cuts or similar damage, infection can occur. Following exposure, visible skin lesions usually begin to show within one to three weeks.
Transmission among Animals
Dogs can also get ringworms from other animals, like cats or rodents. Since ringworms are transmitted through direct skin contact, your dog might get the disease from other animals that have ringworms as well. Shelters and kennels with many animals close together make it easier for ringworm to spread.
Importance of Hygiene
Keeping a clean environment helps prevent the spread of ringworm. Disinfecting surfaces and washing hands after touching animals can lower the risk.
Using these strategies, dog owners can reduce the chances of their pets getting infected. Regular check-ups with a vet can help catch any issues early.
Thus, various factors, such as environment, genetics, skin condition, and overall health, play into why some dogs contract ringworm. Keeping these in mind is key to prevention.
How Veterinarians Figure Out Ringworm in Dogs
Wood’s lamp examination
This tool shines long-wave ultraviolet light. When aimed at dog hair, it can make the hairs glow if they carry the common fungus called Microsporum canis. This glow helps vets spot the problem easily. If the dog carries the fungus but shows no signs of sickness, their hair won’t shine under the light.
This test works best when a dog has visible patches on the skin. It usually takes 5-18 days after the infection for the glowing effect to appear, which allows the vet to start the evaluation process effectively.
Fungal culture
The vet collects a few hairs, skin flakes, or scabs and places them in a special substance where fungi can grow. Over time, the vet checks this growth under the microscope to find out if the cause is ringworm.
The first signs of fungi might show up within 3-5 days, but it can take up to 21 days for a clear answer. This method works even without visible skin issues. Any hair can be used for testing, making it versatile for different situations.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing
This method looks for specific fungal DNA in hair samples. Because it directly detects genetic material, it’s a lot quicker than waiting for cultures to grow. Results usually come back in just 3-5 days. This feature makes PCR useful for quickly finding out if ringworm is present. It does have a limit, though.
Since it searches for DNA, it can’t tell if the fungus is alive or dead. This means PCR isn’t used to confirm if a dog is free from infection. Instead, a fungal culture serves as a better follow-up test to ensure all the fungus is gone.
By using these methods, vets can confidently identify and manage ringworm in dogs, ensuring both accuracy and timely treatment. These procedures allow for a comprehensive approach to diagnosing the fungal infection effectively.
Treatment Strategies for Ringworm in Dogs
Isolation
Ringworm spreads easily, so it’s important to keep an infected dog separate from other animals and humans. The best place to house a dog with ringworm is a room that can be cleaned thoroughly, such as a bathroom. Floors with carpets or wood should be avoided since they are hard to sanitize.
Skin Treatments (Direct Application)
Giving your dog baths is crucial to getting rid of ringworm. Washing away the fungal spores lowers the risk of other pets getting infected.
Two common treatments applied directly to the skin are Lime Sulphur dips and antifungal shampoos.
- Lime Sulphur Dips: These are effective but can be messy and have a strong smell. Many pet owners choose to have this done by a veterinarian.
- Antifungal Shampoos: Usually used with a disinfectant like chlorhexidine, they help stop reinfection. These shampoos should be applied twice weekly.
Using ointments or creams doesn’t work well for curing ringworm. For dogs with long fur, shaving isn’t advised because it could lead to skin cuts that make them more prone to infection.
Oral Cures (Swallowed Medications)
Medications taken by mouth help stop the fungus from multiplying. Combining oral and skin treatments is often suggested. Various oral antifungals are available, with different price points and potential side effects, such as an upset stomach. Finding the right medicine should be done with the guidance of a vet.
Cleaning and Disinfection
Pets with ringworms drop fungal spores throughout the home. It’s essential to clean these areas thoroughly until tests show the infection is gone or the vet ends treatment. If not, environmental spores can cause the dog to get reinfected.
To achieve a clean environment, using a powerful cleaner, such as a diluted bleach mix, to sanitise surfaces and disinfecting regularly, focusing on spots the dog frequents would greatly help. Vacuum or steam-clean floors, and wash linens or pet beds in hot water, twice, for extra safety.
It’s recommended to clean the designated area twice weekly during treatment. When handling an infected pet, wearing gloves and washing hands and clothes afterward can help prevent the spread of ringworm.
Recovery and Prevention of Ringworm in Dogs
Dogs can carry ringworm without any signs. Once a dog in the household has ringworm, it’s important to test all other pets. Treatment can last several weeks or even months. It should continue until a doctor confirms the fungus is gone and advises stopping. Fungal tests should be repeated every 2-3 weeks to monitor progress.
People can give ringworm to dogs and vice versa. If anyone has a red, ring-shaped rash, a medical professional should check it. When adopting stray animals, they should be kept apart from other pets until a vet checks them thoroughly.
Ringworm can live in soil. Dogs should not dig outside, especially if there are many wild animals around. Wildlife can spread the infection. Twice yearly vet visits can help prevent skin problems, like ringworm, by ensuring dogs have healthy skin.
To prevent ringworms from infecting your dogs, it is important to limit outdoor digging to reduce contact with soil, especially if it the area has a history of ringworm disease. Consult a vet regularly to keep pets’ skin healthy and to check if there are symptoms of ringworm infection already present in your dog.
By following these steps, the risk of ringworm spreading to or from dogs can be minimised. Be diligent about observing your pets and acting quickly if you suspect an infection.
Ringworm Vaccination
Ringworm is a common skin infection in dogs caused by a fungus. It’s not actually a worm, despite the name. Some vaccines are developed to help prevent ringworm infections in dogs.
Vaccines against ringworm aim to protect dogs by building their immunity. Administering these vaccines can help reduce symptoms and stop the spread of the infection. They are part of a healthy pet care routine in some areas.
While these vaccines exist, they are not typically part of the standard vaccine schedule for dogs. Dogs considered at high risk of infection or living in areas with frequent outbreaks might benefit the most from them.
| Ringworm vaccination | |
| Pros: May reduce symptoms Helps control outbreaks Protects high-risk dogs | Cons: Not always 100% effective Rare side effects possible |
Owners should talk to their vet if they are considering ringworm vaccination for their dog. Vets can provide the best advice based on a dog’s health and the local risk of infection.
Regular veterinary care and good hygiene practices are also critical. This helps prevent the spread of ringworm even without a vaccination.
Complications Associated with Ringworm
Ringworm in dogs can cause several issues if left untreated. The infection might spread across a larger area of the skin, leading to more severe skin problems.
Hair Loss
Affected areas may experience significant hair loss. This can make the skin more exposed and prone to other infections.
Skin Infections
With ringworm, there is a risk of secondary bacterial infections. The irritated skin might allow bacteria to enter, causing further complications such as itching and discomfort, leading to open wounds.
Spread to Humans
Ringworm is contagious to humans. Families with an infected dog may also need treatment to manage or prevent infection. It is important to be careful in handling dogs with ringworm infection to avoid this from happening.
Proper treatment and hygiene are key to managing ringworm and avoiding the complications associated with it. Wearing gloves while handling the infected dog and cleaning their belongings can help reduce the risk of spreading the infection.
When to Consult a Veterinarian
When a dog shows signs of ringworm, it’s crucial to know when to reach out to a veterinarian. Watch for circular patches of hair loss, scaly skin, or redness. These signs might mean ringworm and a professional should check them.
If a dog is scratching more than usual or seems uncomfortable, it might be time to seek help. Itching and discomfort are common symptoms that a vet should examine. Don’t wait too long, as ignoring symptoms can worsen the condition.
Symptoms of Ringworm in Dogs
Physical Indications
Ringworm often causes noticeable changes in a dog’s skin and coat. Infected areas typically develop circular patches of hair loss. The skin in these patches may look scaly, red, or irritated. Some dogs experience bumps or lesions that can become crusty.
The patches usually appear on a dog’s face, ears, tail, or paws. Sometimes, the nails may also become brittle and damaged. It’s important to examine these areas closely if ringworm is suspected. Using a blacklight can sometimes reveal the fungus as it may glow under the light.
Behavioural Signs
Dogs with ringworms may show signs of discomfort. They might scratch or lick the affected areas frequently. This constant irritation can make a dog restless or anxious.
Some dogs may try to avoid being touched or petted, especially near the infected regions. Pay attention to any changes in mood or behaviour. They might even seem more tired or less playful due to the discomfort.
New puppies and older dogs need special attention. Their immune systems might be less able to fight off infections like ringworm. If these dogs show symptoms, consulting a vet quickly is wise.
If other pets or family members are showing similar skin issues, a visit to the vet is needed. Ringworm can spread to humans and other animals, so early diagnosis helps manage the infection.
Common Questions about Ringworm in Dogs
How Easily Can a Dog Pass Ringworm to a Human?
Ringworm can easily spread from dogs to people. Individuals with weaker immune systems, like children, elderly individuals, pregnant women, and those undergoing treatments like chemotherapy, are more likely to catch it. Caution is advised to minimise contact if the dog is infected.
Will Dog’s Ringworm Disappear Without Treatment?
While it is possible for a dog to get rid of ringworm without any treatment, this process can take about 9-12 months. During this time, the dog may spread the infection to its surroundings, affecting humans and other animals at home. The dog might lose most of its hair as the fungi consume hair and dead skin, leading to a higher chance of skin injuries and further infections.
Signs Your Dog Might Have Ringworm
Ringworm in dogs may look like other skin issues. Look for crusty patches, circular hair loss, or rings of red skin. If these signs are noticed, it’s important to take the dog to a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment.
Home Treatments for Dogs with Ringworm
Common household remedies are often ineffective against ringworm and can even be harmful to pets. Although over-the-counter antifungal shampoos could help, they may not always work effectively. Consulting a veterinarian for guidance is usually the safest option.
