Dog in Heat: When It Happens, How Long It Lasts, and What To Do

Female dogs experience a heat cycle if they are not spayed. This cycle involves a series of changes that occur as part of their reproductive process. Understanding these changes can help dog owners care for their pets more effectively.

The heat cycle in dogs includes various stages, each with its own set of physical and behavioural signs. These signs can range from more frequent urination to increased attention from other dogs. Knowing what to expect can make it easier to manage and support a female dog through her cycle.

When Do Dogs Go Into Heat?

Female dogs experience heat cycles on average every seven months. Unlike humans who have a 28-day cycle, dogs usually go into heat once or twice a year. The timing can vary between individual dogs and different breeds. Even the same dog can have different cycle durations.

Dogs can start their heat cycle as early as 6 months old or as late as 24 months old. The age at which they first go into heat depends on their size. Small dog breeds often experience their first estrous cycle around 6 months, while larger breeds, such as giant dogs, may not enter heat until they are 18 to 24 months old. Though they can become pregnant during this time, it is not recommended since they are not fully matured.

Knowing the patterns of heat cycles is crucial for pet owners. It helps them prepare and take better care of their dogs during these times.

Phases of a Dog’s Heat Cycle

A female dog’s reproductive cycle, also known as the estrous cycle, has four main phases:

Proestrus

This marks the start of heat. The dog’s vulva swells, and there is a blood-tinged discharge. The phase can last from a few days up to four weeks, with an average of seven to 10 days. During this time, the female dog may show signs of a swollen vulva and a bloody discharge. These changes signal the beginning of her heat cycle, and male dogs will likely start showing interest.

In this stage, the female is not yet ready to mate and may act more alert or restless. Owners might notice her urinating more often, as this helps spread pheromones to attract males. Frequent cleaning and using special dog diapers can help manage the mess associated with bleeding. Careful monitoring is key to ensure she doesn’t get spooked or hassled by male dogs eager to mate.

Estrus

Known as “heat,” this is the phase when the dog will permit mating. It lasts from three to 21 days, typically averaging nine days. During estrus, she will be more receptive to males and may show signs like raising her tail or standing still when males approach.

The discharge may change color to a lighter pink or straw color, indicating she’s ready to mate. Owners who do not want puppies should ensure she is kept away from male dogs during this time. Behaviorally, females might seem more affectionate or even demanding. It’s essential for owners to keep a close eye on their pets to prevent unwanted pregnancies.

Diestrus

During diestrus, the reproductive system returns to normal whether the dog is pregnant or not. This stage lasts about 60 days. Female dogs no longer want to mate. If pregnant, this stage includes gestation.

During diestrus, hormonal levels change significantly, leading to a decline in mating interest. Swelling subsides, and the discharge stops. Females return to normal behaviour and might seem calmer. This stage plays a crucial role in the recovery process from the hormonal changes experienced during proestrus and estrus.

Frequent vet check-ups are important during this stage to ensure her health, especially if pregnancy is suspected. If not pregnant, the female’s body will gradually prepare for the next cycle.

Anestrus

This is the resting period when there are no signs of the cycle. It usually lasts four to five months. During this time, the reproductive system is at rest, and there are no visible signs of heat. Behaviorally, the dog will return to her usual routine with no signs of interest from males.

This stage allows the body to rest and recover in preparation for the next cycle. It is a good time for owners to plan any vet visits or health checks to ensure their dog’s overall well-being. The dog should maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle, promoting physical and emotional recovery. Regular exercise is beneficial for overall health during this stage.

How Do Male Dogs Know a Female Dog Is in Heat?

When a female dog is in heat, her vaginal and urinary secretions contain different pheromones. A female dog can also frequently urinate to attract mates. Male dogs have a strong sense of smell and can detect these changes. The presence of these specific chemicals informs the male dogs that the female is ready to mate.

When an intact male dog smells the pheromones released by a female dog in heat, the male dog can experience distinct changes in behaviour. They may become more aggressive in their quest to go to the female dog. Owners should expect these changes physically and in their behaviours in their dogs once they reach the age of getting their heat.

What Happens When a Dog Goes Into Heat? How Can You Tell Your Dog Is in Heat?

Physical changes

Dogs in heat may exhibit swelling of the vulva, bloody discharge, or a change in the vulva’s colour to a straw-like hue. The dog may arch her body when pressure is applied to her lower back and may move her tail sideways.

Owners might note more frequent urination. This is because the scent in her urine helps attract male dogs. These physical signs are crucial in identifying the heat cycle and knowing when to take precautions.

Behavioural changes

Female dogs often initiate courtship-like behaviour. This includes releasing pheromones, vocalising, changing postures, increasing physical activity, urinating near male dogs, or allowing males to sniff or lick the vulva.

Behavior changes often accompany a dog in heat. She might become more affectionate and clingy, seeking attention and cuddles. On the flip side, she may appear more restless and anxious, pacing or whining more than normal.

An increased interest in escaping to find a mate might be observed. She could also display mounting behavior, which can be directed towards other dogs or even humans. Recognizing these behaviors can help owners manage their dog’s heat cycle effectively and keep her safe.

Preparation and Care During Heat

During a dog’s heat cycle, it’s important to keep her comfortable and safe.

Provide a Comfortable Space

Make a cozy area for her to rest. This should be in a quiet part of the house, away from other pets and disturbances. Dogs in heat are easily stressed due to the hormonal changes they are experiencing, so they need to be kept in a quiet and safe environment.

Use Protective Garments

Dog diapers or heat pants can help manage bleeding. Change them regularly to keep her clean and prevent discomfort. Heat pants can also take care of spotting and vaginal discharges your dog might exhibit once they go into heat.

Keep an Eye on Hygiene

Clean her bedding and the areas where she spends most of her time. This will help maintain a hygienic environment, which will also prevent the occurrence of other infections your dog might get from an unkempt area.

Limit Exercise

While daily walks are still important, avoid strenuous activities. Gentle exercise is best to keep her from getting too tired.

Monitor Behaviour

Your dog might become more clingy or nervous as she experiences heat. Offering extra affection and attention can help her feel secure. Be aware of any changes in behaviour and make sure to respond properly.

Avoid Male Dogs

Keep her away from male dogs to prevent unwanted mating. Your dog might also feel agitated in the presence of a male dog during heat. This might mean altering your usual walking routes or times.

Vet Consultation

Any unusual symptoms can be a sign that they are feeling discomfort from their heat. If you notice any unusual symptoms or have concerns, immediately consult a veterinarian. They can provide guidance tailored to your dog’s specific needs.

Managing a Dog’s Behavior While in Heat

Dogs in heat can experience anxiety, stress, and aggression. Here’s how to handle these behaviours effectively to keep your dog comfortable.

Reducing Anxiety and Stress

A calming environment helps a lot. Create a quiet space in the home where your dog can retreat. Soft bedding, toys, and blankets can provide comfort.

Daily walks are important. Exercise helps reduce stress and keeps the dog calm. Avoid parks or places with other dogs to prevent encounters with male dogs.

Pheromone diffusers or calming sprays can also help. These products are designed to soothe dogs and can be placed around the house. Some owners find calming supplements useful, but consult a vet first.

Handling Aggression and Restlessness

Aggression and restlessness are common. Keep your dog on a leash during walks to maintain control. Avoid off-leash areas where she might encounter other dogs.

Chew toys and puzzle feeders can help. Keeping her mind occupied reduces restless behaviours. Short training sessions can provide mental stimulation and reinforce good behaviour.

If aggression is a problem, spaying may be a good solution. It prevents future heat cycles and helps with behavioural issues. Talk to a vet to see if this option is right for your dog.

Health Implications of the Heat Cycle

When a dog is in heat, her body goes through several changes. These changes can affect her overall health in different ways.

Increased Risk of Infections

During the heat cycle, a dog’s cervix opens. This makes it easier for bacteria to enter the uterus. This can lead to infections like pyometra, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. It is vital to keep a close watch on her health during this time.

Changes in Behavior and Mood

Dogs in heat may show changes in behaviour. They might become more restless, anxious, or irritable. They may also show a strong desire to escape and find a mate. It’s important to ensure she is in a safe and secure environment.

Appetite and Energy Levels

Some dogs may lose their appetite during the heat cycle. They could also appear more tired or less active than usual. Offering small, nutritious meals can help maintain their energy levels.

Physical Discomfort

Dogs may experience physical discomfort during heat. Symptoms may include a swollen vulva and increased urination. Keep an eye out for signs of discomfort and offer extra care when needed.

The Mating Process

The mating process in dogs involves careful selection of a mate, understanding natural mating concerns, and exploring artificial insemination options. Here’s what dog owners should know.

Choosing a Suitable Mate

Selecting a suitable mate is crucial for healthy offspring. Factors like size, temperament, and health should be considered. The dog’s breed standards also play a role in this decision. Genetic testing can help avoid passing on hereditary conditions.

Owners should also check for up-to-date vaccinations and screen for common canine diseases. Properly matching dogs ensures better health and reduces risks during pregnancy and birth.

Natural Mating Concerns

Natural mating might not always go smoothly. The dogs should be introduced slowly and in a calm environment. Supervision is important to prevent injuries. Timing is also key, as the female should be in the right stage of her heat cycle.

There can be issues like size mismatches and behavioural problems. These need to be managed carefully to avoid stress and aggression.

Artificial Insemination Options

Artificial insemination (AI) is an alternative when natural mating is not feasible. This can be done using fresh, chilled, or frozen semen. Veterinarians perform the procedure, ensuring correct timing and technique.

AI can be helpful for dogs with physical limitations or when the best genetic match is far away. It offers more control over the breeding process and minimises some risks associated with natural mating.

Breeding Ethics and Responsibilities

Breeding dogs comes with many ethical responsibilities. It’s important to use responsible practices and consider genetic health to ensure the well-being of both parents and puppies.

Responsible Breeding Practices

Responsible breeding means putting the health and happiness of dogs first. This starts with choosing healthy, mature dogs that are a good match. Breeders should avoid breeding dogs with genetic problems or poor temperaments.

Good breeders provide proper care and nurture dogs in a clean, safe environment. They give puppies socialisation and handle them often to help them grow into well-adjusted adults.

Contracts between breeders and buyers should be clear about the responsibilities of each. This includes health guarantees and return policies. Responsible breeders also stay in touch with buyers, offering support and advice as needed.

Understanding Genetic Health

Genetic health is crucial in breeding. This means knowing the common health issues in the dog breed and screening for them. Tests can help identify carriers of genetic diseases, reducing the risk of passing these onto puppies.

Select traits that improve the health and longevity of the breed. Avoid breeding close relatives to prevent inbreeding, which can lead to health problems.

Dogs should be tested for hip dysplasia, eye conditions, heart problems, and other breed-specific issues. Maintaining genetic diversity helps ensure a healthier future for the breed.

Breeders should stay informed about new genetic testing methods. This helps keep their breeding practices up to date and beneficial for the dogs and the breed as a whole.

Spaying Dogs: The Most Reliable Dog Birth Control Method

It’s not easy to prevent a dog from getting pregnant. Dogs can be determined to mate, and a fenced yard alone won’t stop them. Spaying, which removes the ovaries and/or uterus, is the most effective way to prevent unwanted pregnancies. This procedure is both common and permanent, making it a dependable solution for controlling the dog population.

Spaying: Pros and Cons

Pros

Health Benefits

Spaying can prevent uterine infections and breast tumours. These conditions can be fatal in dogs. This procedure also decreases the chances of your dog developing pyometra.

Behavioural Changes

Spaying can reduce aggressive behaviour and the urge to roam. Since spaying eliminates your dog’s heat cycle, it removes its urges to find a mate and allows it to be indoors and calmer in nature.

Population Control

It helps in controlling the dog population, which can reduce the number of strays. This can help the community in reducing the number of dog bites from stray animals. And can also help the community shelter in reducing the number of stray dogs under their care.

Cons

Surgical Risks

As with any surgery, there are risks like reactions to anaesthesia or infections. Always check with the veterinarian if it is safe for your dog to undergo surgeries. A pre-operation check-up must be done to assess if your dog is healthy enough for the surgery.

Weight Gain

Some dogs may gain weight after being spayed due to hormonal changes. Hormones such as estrogen are produced by the adipose tissue, also known as fat tissue. With the removal of ovaries, your dog’s body will cease to produce that hormone, hence, the possibility of your dog gaining weight and being overweight. Proper diet and exercise should be done for this to be prevented.

Cost

The surgery can be expensive, and some may need financial planning to afford it. The cost of after operation care should also be taken into account such as purchasing antibiotics and elizabethan collar.

Do Dogs Go Through Menopause?

Dogs do not experience menopause. Their reproductive cycle allows them to continue going into heat and becoming pregnant throughout their lives, even in old age. It is common for older dogs to have less frequent heat cycles, or for the time between heats to increase.

If a dog stops having heat cycles completely, it should be examined by a veterinarian, as this could indicate an underlying health issue.

Even though older dogs can still become pregnant, it is not advisable. Senior dogs often have smaller litters, face more complications during labour, and have a higher risk of puppy deaths. Additionally, female dogs over the age of eight are more likely to develop pyometra, a dangerous uterine infection.

It is important to monitor the reproductive health of a senior dog and consult a vet if any changes in the cycle occur.

Dogs in Heat FAQs

What is the duration of dog heat cycles?

Dogs can go into heat for about two to three weeks.

How often can dogs go into heat?

Most dogs go into heat about twice a year. The cycle usually averages every seven months, though this can vary between individual dogs.

What are the common signs of a female dog in heat?

Signs include a swollen vulva with discharge. Behaviors often seen include increased vocalisation, moving their tail aside, arching their back, and more frequent urination, especially around male dogs.

Do Dogs Experience Periods?

Dogs don’t have monthly periods like humans. Instead, they go through an estrous cycle several times a year, during which they have a swollen vulva and vaginal discharge.